Exploring the Determinants of ICT Software Disclosure under IAS 38: Insights from Selected Listed Banks in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of ICT software disclosure under IAS 38 among some listed commercial banks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a quantitative ex-post facto design and panel regression analysis, it examines 456 firm year observations from 38 banks across six countries (2012–2023). A disclosure index developed from audited financial statements measures ICT reporting practices. Results show that firm size, Big Four auditor engagement and firm age significantly enhance disclosure, while board independence exerts a negative effect. Ownership, leverage and profitability display weak or inconsistent influence. Country variations show high disclosure in Tanzania and low in Botswana. This highlights the role of institutional environments. The findings emphasize the importance of context specific disclosure frameworks, governance training and reputable auditors. The study contributes to institutional and resource based perspectives by demonstrating how firm attributes and national contexts jointly shape ICT disclosure patterns in African banking.

Keywords:       ICT software disclosure, IAS 38, Sub-Saharan Africa, firm attributes, corporate governance, intangible assets, financial transparency.